The Effectiveness Of Online Learning In Teaching And
Learning Activities
To Achieve 21st-Century Skill Goals
By: Aris Priyanto, S.T, M.M.
Teacher of Indonesian SILN School in Makkah
The
increasing number of positive cases in Indonesia due to COVID-19 has made the
Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) recommend online learning as an
effort to reduce the spread of the virus.
Even
though there are several well-known schools and universities in Indonesia that
are ready to do so, the presence of COVID-19 shows the unpreparedness of far
more educational institutions in Indonesia in implementing an online learning
system. For example, the use of online learning technology is still dominated
by schools and universities in big cities because of the financial capacity and
availability of digital learning systems that are better than small schools and
universities in rural areas.
Problems
arise
The
online learning implementation that has been running for several months has
generally run smoothly. However, over time many problems have emerged. Among
them are too many teacher assignments to complain about quotas and internet
networks.
Of
course, it would be unwise to immediately blame the teachers. In an emergency
situation, the teacher at that time had to act quickly so that learning could
be effective. Cellphones, which were originally only a medium of communication,
now have multiple functions. Included in providing material and assignments a
very short duration.
Appreciation
deserves to be given to teachers, schools, and students because they can adapt
quickly. However, over time all parties need to evaluate online learning so
that its goals can be achieved optimally.
Principles
of Online Learning
In
terms of the process, actually, this online learning model has been regulated
in Permendikbud no. 22 of 2016 concerning Process Standards with the following
principles:
1.
From
the students are notified towards the students to find out
2.
From
the teacher as the only source of learning to learn based on various learning
resources
3.
From
a textual approach to a process as a strengthening of the use of a scientific
approach
4.
From
content-based learning to competency-based learning
5.
From
partial learning to integrated learning
6.
From
learning that emphasizes single answers to learning with answers that are
multi-dimensional in truth
7.
From
verbalism learning to applicative skills
8.
Improvement
and balance between physical skills (hard skills) and mental skills (soft
skills)
9.
Learning
that prioritizes the culture and empowerment of students as lifelong
learners
10.
Learning
that applies values by giving an example (ing ngarso sung tulodo), the
building will (ing madyo mangun karso), and developing the creativity of
students in the learning process (tut wuri handayani)
11.
Learning
that takes place at home in schools and in the community
12.
Learning
that applies the principle that anyone is a teacher, anyone is a student, and
anywhere is a class.
13.
Use
of information and communication technology to increase the efficiency and
effectiveness of learning
14.
Recognition
of individual differences and cultural backgrounds of students.
If
the learning principles above are aligned with the 4 pillars of education
compiled by UNESCO, namely Learning to Know (learning to know), Learning to Do
(learning to do something), Learning to Be (learning to be something), and
Learning to Live Together (learning to live together), now is the most
appropriate opportunity to rearrange the direction of our education world which
has strayed far from our goals.
The
world of education must again teach how to learn (Learning How to Learn), not
Learning What to Learn (learning about something). All of this is reflected in
the content of this online learning where initially the teachers are still
struggling with content or material that is made to inform students rather than
leaving them to find out for themselves.
With
the internet, students can learn to know, learn to do, learn to be something,
and learn to live together with a very different approach in the pre-internet
era where teachers were the only source of learning. Educators simply facilitate
how students can find out reliable learning sources, not hoaxes, and not just
the opinion of someone whose credibility is still in doubt.
If
educators and parents understand that these skills are needed to be developed
in students in facing the challenges in the 21st century, then the learning
model can be directed to lead there. For example, during this period of study
at home students can be directed to look for solutions to problems related to
Covid-19. The solution can be in terms of health, food, social, economy, and so
on.
The
solution offered must have a strong theoretical basis and not just a wild idea;
this is where the students will learn to find out. These solutions must be
worked out in groups even if they do not meet face to face. The solutions
offered must be presented in the form of a video and uploaded to social media
such as Youtube, Facebook, Linkedin, Line, or others. The rating will be based
on the number of views (how many times it has been watched), how many thumbs up
(likes), and how many comments/interactions that arise from the upload.
We
will all be surprised by the creativity and innovation of the next generation
of the nation, which so far has not been given the opportunity because their
study time has run out to be told what to study. And, this concept will change
the views of parents and educators who have seen only consumption devices, now
they will turn into means of production. And this is the real process of
developing superior human resources
Measurable
Task
A
large number of assignments from teachers is often a complaint in online
learning. The learning load of students, of course, must be calculated,
measured, both materially and in time. Of course, it needs to be remembered
that learning in class is not always filled with assignments or doing a large
number of questions. The teacher can give the task of observing, experimenting,
and analyzing, making it more interesting and challenging.
Although
distance learning, greetings, responses, and feedback or appreciation of the
work done is something that should not be forgotten. There should be no
assumptions, students feel cheated because of the large number of assignments
given, but there is no feedback from the teacher, such as work that has been
done maximally but the teacher does not correct.
Appreciation
for the work of students needs to be given by the teacher so that learning
objectives can be achieved. One of the goals of learning including online is
the achievement of student competencies known as the 4 Cs, namely Critical
thinking which directs students to be able to solve problems
(problem-solving).
Creativity thinking (creative
thinking) can be interpreted as a teacher can assist students who have high
creativity able to think and see a problem from various sides or perspectives.
Collaboration (work
together or collaborate). This activity is important to apply in the learning
process so that students are able and ready to work together with anyone in
their future lives.
Communication can
be interpreted as the ability of students to convey their ideas and thoughts
quickly, clearly, and effectively (Directorate of PSMK, 2019).
Online
learning tasks that are given to students are geared towards these 21st-century
skills. Cellphone applications such as WhatsApp are no longer just a means of
providing one-way information. But the goal is to build skills in 4C.
The
Covid-19 pandemic can be an entry point to change textual learning into
contextual. Contextual learning is a learning concept that links subject matter
in everyday life. Students are expected to find and develop new knowledge and
skills according to the knowledge they have. Thus, they will better understand
and better interpret their knowledge.
In
mathematics, the ability to graph the development of the Covid-19 pandemic and
its predictions can be sharpened. Through cultural arts lessons, you can be
trained to analyze the impact of Covid-19 on the development of performing arts
and alternative solutions. In Indonesian lessons, they are trained to make proposals
to seek aid funds for the response to the Covid-19 pandemic or to make poetry,
articles, short stories harmonized with situations that have recently occurred.
Thus,
when students have honed their ability to see the real world and neutralize it
to the public through the results of their analysis, it has proven the value of
strengthening character education, especially the value of integrity as an
aspect of the expression of compassion and empathy for others.
I
hope online learning does not only produce students like robots who only do
exercises with as many tasks as they can without being able to think at a high
level. For this reason, the success of online learning requires synergic
collaboration between teachers, schools, parents, and students. Schools need to
pay attention to parents of students who cannot afford quotas or do not have
adequate cellphones by facilitating so that online learning can run optimally.
In
addition, the success of online learning during the Covid-19 crisis depends on
the discipline of all parties. Therefore, the school here needs to make a
scheme by compiling good management in managing the online learning system.
This can be done by creating a systematic, structured, and simple schedule to
facilitate communication between parents and schools so that their children who
are studying at home can be effectively monitored.
Bibliography:
1. Permendikbud
no. 22 of 2016 dated 6 June 2016, Basic and Secondary Education Process
Standards.
2.
Indra
Charismiadji, Managing Effective Online Learning, Detik News, April 1, 2020.
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