Conjuction Contrasting (Although, eventhough)
Conjunctions: contrasting
Learn about it!
The conjunctions but and although/though connect ideas that contrast. Whereas is also used but it is not as common:
The new city hall is amazing but it’s going to cost a lot.
He’s quite short, whereas his sister is tall.
But
But is a coordinating conjunction used to connect ideas that contrast. Coordinating conjunctions connect items which are the same grammatical type.
main idea | contrast | |
The meal was good I want to lose weight Lara cooked roast beef for me Edinburgh is an interesting place | but | expensive. I hate diets. I don’t eat meat. it takes a long time to get there. |
Warning:
We can’t use however as a conjunction instead of but to connect words and phrases:
My teacher is very nice but a bit strict.
Not: My teacher is very nice however a bit strict.
Although/though
Although/though can be used to contrast ideas. Although/though are subordinating conjunctions used to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause, like after, as, before, if, since, that, even though, even if.
main idea | although though | contrast |
Grace is an excellent athlete | she injured her leg recently. | |
Harry is a great friend | we don’t see each other often. |
The although/though clause can come first.
Although Though | contrast | main idea |
the car was destroyed, | no one was injured in the crash. | |
people say it’s dangerous, | I think it’s an amazing country. |
But or although?
But cannot be used in the same way as although/though. We use but to connect items which are the same grammatical type (coordinating conjunction).
Warning:
The order of clauses connected by coordinating conjunctions cannot be reversed:
Although it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
We’ve still enjoyed our holiday, although it rained a lot.
It rained a lot but we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
Not: But it rained a lot, we’ve still enjoyed our holiday.
Although can sound more formal than but. Though is much more common in speaking than in writing. Although is much more common in writing than in speaking.
Even though, even if
Even though and even if are also used as subordinating conjunctions in the same way as although/though. Even though is similar to although but it makes a stronger contrast:
Even though I cycle to work, I don’t feel very fit.
Even if means ‘whether or not’:
Even if you run, you’ll still be late. (You’ll be late whether you run or not.)
I feel tired even if I go to bed early. (I feel tired whether I go to bed early or not.)
Conjunctions: typical errors
· We use and to connect words in a list and to connect phrases and clauses in a sentence:
He loves cycling, hiking and ball games.
Not: He loves cycling, hiking, ball games.
· After conjunctions referring to time, such as when, once and as soon as, we use the present simple when we refer to the future:
It will be summer when we see you again.
Not: … when we will see you again.
They’ll leave once the lecture finishes.
Not: … once the lecture will finish.
As soon as I hear any news, I’ll call you.
Not: As soon as I’ll hear any news …
· During is a preposition, not a conjunction, so it must be followed by a noun or a pronoun:
She studies while she is on the train.
Not: She studies during she is on the train.
· When we use a so-clause to connect a cause/reason to a result, the so-clause must come second:
I bought a new computer game so I have no money left.
Not: So I have no money left I bought a new computer game.
· We use although/though, not but, to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause:
Although I’m tall, I’m not as tall as Bill.
Not: But I’m tall, I’m not as tall as Bill.
· When as well as or in addition to are followed by clauses, the verb is in the -ing form:
[from a brochure advertising an English course in London]
As well as living with a family, you practise your English.
Not: As well as you live with a family …
In addition to being a wonderful seafood restaurant, it had an amazing view.
Not: In addition to it was a wonderful seafood restaurant …
See also:
· We cannot use however to connect words and phrases:
The area around Cannes has small but nice beaches.
Not: … has small however nice beaches.
· We only use one conjunction to connect words or phrases:
Since she had the day off work, she went out for lunch with some friends.
Not: Since she had the day off work, so she went out for lunch …
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